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A foundation for building Elixir Phoenix apps — SaaS, social networks, ERP systems, marketplaces, and more
Current section
Files
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Current section
Files
lib/modules/storage/endpoint.ex
defmodule PhoenixKit.Modules.Storage.Endpoint do
@moduledoc """
The one reading of an S3-compatible endpoint, and the one guard on where the
server may connect to.
Three places name an endpoint: a bucket (`Providers.S3`), an
`object_storage` Integrations connection (`Integrations.Validators`), and the
bucket form. They must all read the same string the same way, or the server
would connect to a different host than the one that was validated.
## Parsing
`parse/1` accepts a bare host (`s3.us-west-002.backblazeb2.com`), host:port,
or an `http`/`https` URL with no path (`http://minio.local:9000`); the scheme
defaults to https. Refused rather than read as plain AWS: any other scheme, a
path (a gateway prefix would be dropped silently), a query, and an IPv6 zone
id (`%eth0`).
## Guarding
The server connects to whatever endpoint it is given, so a user-supplied one
is a request-forgery primitive. `check/3` classifies the addresses behind an
endpoint by policy:
* `:system` — set by an admin. Loopback and private ranges are allowed (a
MinIO on the same network is a normal setup); what no storage endpoint
can be is unspecified, link-local (where cloud metadata lives), multicast
or reserved space, so those are refused.
* `:personal` — set by an ordinary user. https only, and additionally no
loopback, private, carrier-grade-NAT or unique-local address.
A hostname is resolved and **every** address it yields is checked, so a name
with one public and one private record is refused. The check sees DNS as of
the moment it runs; it is not a connect-time pin, so a name that changes its
answer between the check and the request is not caught. Callers run it at
save and test time, and again each time a personal endpoint is used.
"""
import Bitwise
@type parsed :: %{scheme: String.t(), host: String.t(), port: pos_integer()}
@type policy :: :system | :personal
@type reason ::
:invalid_endpoint
| :insecure_scheme
| :blocked_address
| :blocked_host
# Names that mean "the metadata service" without resolving to it from here.
@blocked_hosts ["metadata.google.internal", "metadata", "instance-data"]
@doc """
An endpoint string, parsed: `%{scheme:, host:, port:}`; `nil` when none is
set (plain AWS); `{:error, :invalid_endpoint}` when one is set but cannot be
used.
"""
@spec parse(term()) :: parsed() | nil | {:error, :invalid_endpoint}
def parse(endpoint) when is_binary(endpoint) do
case String.trim(endpoint) do
"" -> nil
trimmed -> parse_trimmed(trimmed)
end
end
def parse(_endpoint), do: nil
@doc """
A URL's audit representation, with credentials, query and fragment withheld.
Absolute local paths stay paths unless `local_path: false` (for CDN URLs).
"""
@spec audit_value(String.t() | nil, keyword()) :: String.t() | nil
def audit_value(value, opts \\ [])
def audit_value(value, opts) when is_binary(value) do
value = String.trim(value)
uri = URI.parse(value)
cond do
uri.host ->
URI.to_string(%{uri | userinfo: nil, query: nil, fragment: nil})
String.starts_with?(value, "/") and Keyword.get(opts, :local_path, true) ->
value
String.starts_with?(value, "/") ->
URI.to_string(%{uri | userinfo: nil, query: nil, fragment: nil})
true ->
# Scheme-less endpoints are supported, too; keep their representation.
uri = URI.parse("https://" <> value)
URI.to_string(%{uri | userinfo: nil, query: nil, fragment: nil})
|> String.trim_leading("https://")
end
end
def audit_value(value, _opts), do: value
defp parse_trimmed(trimmed) do
with_scheme =
if trimmed =~ ~r{\A[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*://}, do: trimmed, else: "https://" <> trimmed
case URI.parse(with_scheme) do
%URI{scheme: scheme, host: host, port: port, path: path, query: nil}
when scheme in ["http", "https"] and is_binary(host) and host != "" and
path in [nil, "", "/"] ->
if String.contains?(trimmed, "%"),
do: {:error, :invalid_endpoint},
else: %{scheme: scheme, host: host, port: port}
_ ->
{:error, :invalid_endpoint}
end
end
@doc """
Whether the server may connect to `endpoint` (a string or the result of
`parse/1`) under `policy`.
`nil` (no endpoint, plain AWS) is always allowed. Options:
* `:resolve` — look a hostname up and check every address it yields
(default `false`; a literal IP is always checked). Off on hot paths,
on wherever an endpoint is saved, tested, or used for a personal bucket.
* `:resolver` — `(charlist, :inet | :inet6 -> {:ok, [ip]} | {:error, _})`,
injectable for tests. Defaults to `:inet.getaddrs/2`.
"""
@spec check(term(), policy(), keyword()) :: :ok | {:error, reason()}
def check(endpoint, policy, opts \\ [])
def check(endpoint, policy, opts) when is_binary(endpoint),
do: check(parse(endpoint), policy, opts)
def check(nil, _policy, _opts), do: :ok
def check({:error, _reason} = error, _policy, _opts), do: error
def check(%{scheme: scheme, host: host}, policy, opts) when policy in [:system, :personal] do
cond do
policy == :personal and scheme != "https" -> {:error, :insecure_scheme}
String.downcase(host) in @blocked_hosts -> {:error, :blocked_host}
true -> check_addresses(host, policy, opts)
end
end
defp check_addresses(host, policy, opts) do
case :inet.parse_address(String.to_charlist(host)) do
{:ok, ip} -> check_ip(ip, policy)
{:error, _} -> check_resolved(host, policy, opts)
end
end
defp check_resolved(host, policy, opts) do
if Keyword.get(opts, :resolve, false) do
resolver = Keyword.get(opts, :resolver, &:inet.getaddrs/2)
name = String.to_charlist(host)
# A name that does not resolve is not refused here: the request that
# follows fails with "could not reach", which is the truthful message.
[:inet, :inet6]
|> Enum.flat_map(fn family ->
case resolver.(name, family) do
{:ok, ips} -> ips
{:error, _reason} -> []
end
end)
|> Enum.find_value(:ok, fn ip ->
case check_ip(ip, policy) do
:ok -> nil
error -> error
end
end)
else
:ok
end
end
defp check_ip(ip, policy) do
case classify(ip) do
class when class in [:unspecified, :link_local, :multicast, :reserved] ->
{:error, :blocked_address}
class when class in [:loopback, :private, :shared, :unique_local] ->
if policy == :personal, do: {:error, :blocked_address}, else: :ok
:public ->
:ok
end
end
@doc """
The class of an address: `:public`, or what makes it not one
(`:unspecified`, `:loopback`, `:private`, `:shared`, `:link_local`,
`:unique_local`, `:multicast`, `:reserved`). An IPv4 address wrapped in IPv6
(`::ffff:a.b.c.d`, NAT64 `64:ff9b::/96`) is classified as the IPv4 address.
"""
@spec classify(:inet.ip_address()) :: atom()
def classify({0, _, _, _}), do: :unspecified
def classify({127, _, _, _}), do: :loopback
def classify({10, _, _, _}), do: :private
def classify({172, b, _, _}) when b in 16..31, do: :private
def classify({192, 168, _, _}), do: :private
def classify({169, 254, _, _}), do: :link_local
def classify({100, b, _, _}) when b in 64..127, do: :shared
def classify({192, 0, 0, _}), do: :reserved
def classify({198, b, _, _}) when b in 18..19, do: :reserved
def classify({a, _, _, _}) when a in 224..239, do: :multicast
def classify({a, _, _, _}) when a >= 240, do: :reserved
def classify({_, _, _, _}), do: :public
def classify({0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}), do: :unspecified
def classify({0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}), do: :loopback
def classify({0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xFFFF, hi, lo}), do: classify(embedded_v4(hi, lo))
def classify({0x64, 0xFF9B, 0, 0, 0, 0, hi, lo}), do: classify(embedded_v4(hi, lo))
def classify({first, _, _, _, _, _, _, _}) when (first &&& 0xFE00) == 0xFC00, do: :unique_local
def classify({first, _, _, _, _, _, _, _}) when (first &&& 0xFFC0) == 0xFE80, do: :link_local
def classify({first, _, _, _, _, _, _, _}) when (first &&& 0xFF00) == 0xFF00, do: :multicast
def classify({_, _, _, _, _, _, _, _}), do: :public
defp embedded_v4(hi, lo), do: {hi >>> 8, hi &&& 0xFF, lo >>> 8, lo &&& 0xFF}
@doc "An operator-facing sentence for a `check/3` or `parse/1` error."
@spec error_message(reason()) :: String.t()
def error_message(:invalid_endpoint),
do: "must be a host, host:port, or an http(s) URL with no path"
def error_message(:insecure_scheme), do: "must use https"
def error_message(reason) when reason in [:blocked_address, :blocked_host],
do: "must not point at a local, private or metadata address"
end