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Pure Elixir HL7 v2.x toolkit — schema-driven parsing, typed segments, message builder, MLLP transport
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lib/hl7v2/type/dt.ex
defmodule HL7v2.Type.DT do
@moduledoc """
Date (DT) -- HL7v2 primitive data type.
Format: `YYYY[MM[DD]]`. Supports year, month, and day precision.
Parses to an `%HL7v2.Type.DT{}` struct preserving precision, or a `Date`
when full day precision is available.
"""
@behaviour HL7v2.Type
defstruct [:year, :month, :day]
@type t :: %__MODULE__{
year: pos_integer(),
month: pos_integer() | nil,
day: pos_integer() | nil
}
@doc """
Parses a date string in `YYYY[MM[DD]]` format.
Returns a `Date` struct when fully specified (8 digits), or an
`%HL7v2.Type.DT{}` struct for partial dates.
## Examples
iex> HL7v2.Type.DT.parse("19880704")
~D[1988-07-04]
iex> HL7v2.Type.DT.parse("199503")
%HL7v2.Type.DT{year: 1995, month: 3, day: nil}
iex> HL7v2.Type.DT.parse("2026")
%HL7v2.Type.DT{year: 2026, month: nil, day: nil}
iex> HL7v2.Type.DT.parse("")
nil
iex> HL7v2.Type.DT.parse(nil)
nil
"""
@spec parse(binary() | nil) :: Date.t() | t() | nil
def parse(nil), do: nil
def parse(""), do: nil
def parse(<<y::binary-size(4), m::binary-size(2), d::binary-size(2)>>) do
with {year, ""} <- Integer.parse(y),
{month, ""} <- Integer.parse(m),
{day, ""} <- Integer.parse(d),
{:ok, date} <- Date.new(year, month, day) do
date
else
_ -> nil
end
end
def parse(<<y::binary-size(4), m::binary-size(2)>>) do
with {year, ""} <- Integer.parse(y),
{month, ""} <- Integer.parse(m),
true <- month in 1..12 do
%__MODULE__{year: year, month: month}
else
_ -> nil
end
end
def parse(<<y::binary-size(4)>>) do
case Integer.parse(y) do
{year, ""} when year > 0 -> %__MODULE__{year: year}
_ -> nil
end
end
def parse(_), do: nil
@doc """
Encodes a date value to `YYYYMMDD`, `YYYYMM`, or `YYYY` format.
## Examples
iex> HL7v2.Type.DT.encode(~D[1988-07-04])
"19880704"
iex> HL7v2.Type.DT.encode(%HL7v2.Type.DT{year: 1995, month: 3})
"199503"
iex> HL7v2.Type.DT.encode(%HL7v2.Type.DT{year: 2026})
"2026"
iex> HL7v2.Type.DT.encode(nil)
""
"""
@spec encode(Date.t() | t() | nil) :: binary()
def encode(nil), do: ""
def encode(%Date{year: y, month: m, day: d}) do
pad4(y) <> pad2(m) <> pad2(d)
end
def encode(%__MODULE__{year: y, month: nil}) do
pad4(y)
end
def encode(%__MODULE__{year: y, month: m, day: nil}) do
pad4(y) <> pad2(m)
end
def encode(%__MODULE__{year: y, month: m, day: d}) do
pad4(y) <> pad2(m) <> pad2(d)
end
defp pad4(n), do: n |> Integer.to_string() |> String.pad_leading(4, "0")
defp pad2(n), do: n |> Integer.to_string() |> String.pad_leading(2, "0")
end