elixium_core

defmodule Elixium.P2P.ConnectionHandler do
  alias Elixium.P2P.Authentication
  alias Elixium.P2P.GhostProtocol.Message
  alias Elixium.Store.Oracle
  require Logger
  require IEx

  @moduledoc """
    Manage inbound and outbound connections
  """

  @doc """
    Spawn a new handler, check to see if it knows of any possible peers. If there
    is a peer that it knows of, it will attempt a connection
    to that peer. If the connection fails or if it does
    not know of any peers, just sets up a listener and await
    an authentication message from another peer.
  """
  @spec start_link(reference, pid, List, integer, pid) :: {:ok, pid}
  def start_link(socket, pid, peers, handler_number, oracle) do
    pid =
      case peers do
        :not_found ->
          Logger.warn("(Handler #{handler_number}): No known peers! Accepting inbound connections instead.")
          spawn_link(__MODULE__, :accept_inbound_connection, [socket, pid, oracle])

        peers ->
          if length(peers) >= handler_number do
            {ip, port} = Enum.at(peers, handler_number - 1)
            had_previous_connection = had_previous_connection?(ip, oracle)
            credentials = Authentication.load_credentials(ip, port, oracle)

            spawn_link(__MODULE__, :attempt_outbound_connection, [
              {ip, port},
              had_previous_connection,
              credentials,
              socket,
              pid,
              oracle
            ])
          else
            spawn_link(__MODULE__, :accept_inbound_connection, [socket, pid, oracle])
          end
      end

    {:ok, pid}
  end

  def attempt_outbound_connection({ip, port}, had_previous_connection, credentials, socket, master_pid, oracle) do
    Logger.info("Attempting connection to peer at host: #{ip}, port: #{port}...")

    case :gen_tcp.connect(ip, port, [:binary, active: false], 1000) do
      {:ok, connection} ->
        Logger.info("Connected")

        shared_secret =
          if had_previous_connection do
            Authentication.outbound_peer(connection, credentials)
          else
            Authentication.outbound_new_peer(connection, credentials)
          end

        Oracle.inquire(oracle, {:save_known_peer, [{ip, port}]})

        prepare_connection_loop(connection, shared_secret, master_pid, oracle)

      {:error, reason} ->
        Logger.warn("Error connecting to peer: #{reason}. Starting listener instead.")

        accept_inbound_connection(socket, master_pid, oracle)
    end
  end

  @doc """
    Accept an incoming connection from a peer and decide whether
    they are a new peer or someone we've talked to previously,
    and then authenticate them accordingly
  """
  @spec accept_inbound_connection(reference, pid, pid) :: none
  def accept_inbound_connection(listen_socket, master_pid, oracle) do
    Logger.info("Waiting for connection...")
    {:ok, socket} = :gen_tcp.accept(listen_socket)

    # Here would be a good place to put an IP blacklisting safeguard...

    # When starting multiple processes sometimes they'll start too fast and
    # won't be able to properly tell whether another handler is already connected
    # (this is a race condition). Sleep for a random time between 0 and 5 seconds
    # as a hacky way to fix this
    5000
    |> :rand.uniform()
    |> Process.sleep()

    case has_existing_connection?(socket) do
      {true, handler} ->
        Logger.warn("Connection to peer already exists on another handler! Aborting.")
        :gen_tcp.close(socket)
        accept_inbound_connection(listen_socket, master_pid, oracle)
      _ ->
        Logger.info("Accepted potential handshake")

        handshake = Message.read(socket)

        # If the handshake message contains JUST an identifier, the peer
        # is signaling to us that they've talked to us before. We can try
        # to find them in the database. Otherwise, they should be passing
        # multiple pieces of data in this request, in effort to give us
        # the information we need in order to register them.
        shared_secret =
          case handshake do
            %{identifier: _, salt: _, prime: _} -> Authentication.inbound_new_peer(handshake, socket, oracle)
            %{identifier: identifier} -> Authentication.inbound_peer(identifier, socket, oracle)
          end

        prepare_connection_loop(socket, shared_secret, master_pid, oracle)
    end
  end

  defp prepare_connection_loop(socket, shared_secret, master_pid, oracle) do
    session_key = generate_session_key(shared_secret)
    Logger.info("Authenticated with peer.")

    peername = get_peername(socket)

    # Set the connected flag so that the parent process knows we've connected
    # to a peer.
    Process.put(:connected, peername)

    handle_connection(socket, session_key, master_pid, oracle)
  end

  defp handle_connection(socket, session_key, master_pid, oracle) do
    peername = Process.get(:connected)
    # Accept TCP messages without blocking
    :inet.setopts(socket, active: :once)

    receive do
      # When receiving a message through TCP, send the data back to the parent
      # process so it can handle it however it wants
      {:tcp, _, data} ->
        messages = Message.read(data, session_key, socket)

        Logger.info("Accepted message from #{peername}")
        Logger.info("Time #{:os.system_time(:millisecond)}")

        # Send out the messages to the parent of this process (a.k.a the pid that
        # was passed in when calling start/2)
        Enum.each(messages, &(send(master_pid, &1)))
      {:tcp_closed, _} ->
        Logger.info("Lost connection from peer: #{peername}. TCP closed")
        Process.exit(self(), :normal)

      # When receiving data from the parent process, send it to the network
      # through TCP
      {type, data} ->
        Logger.info("Sending data to peer: #{peername}")
        Logger.info("Time #{:os.system_time(:millisecond)}")

        case Message.build(type, data, session_key) do
          {:ok, m} -> Message.send(m, socket)
          :error -> Logger.error("MESSAGE NOT SENT: Invalid message data: expected map.")
        end
      m ->
        Logger.warn("Received message we haven't accounted for. Skipping! Message: #{inspect m}")
    end

    handle_connection(socket, session_key, master_pid, oracle)
  end

  defp generate_session_key(shared_secret) do
    # Truncate the key to be 32 bytes (256 bits) since AES256 won't accept anything bigger.
    # Originally, I was worried this would be a security flaw, but according to
    # https://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/3288/is-truncating-a-hashed-private-key-with-sha-1-safe-to-use-as-the-symmetric-key-f
    # it isn't
    <<session_key::binary-size(32)>> <> _ = shared_secret

    session_key
  end

  # Returns a string containing the IP of whoever is on the other end
  # of the given socket
  @spec get_peername(reference) :: String.t()
  defp get_peername(socket) do
    {:ok, {addr, _port}} = :inet.peername(socket)

    addr
    |> :inet_parse.ntoa()
    |> to_string()
  end

  @spec has_existing_connection?(reference) :: {boolean, pid} | false
  def has_existing_connection?(socket) do
    peername = get_peername(socket)

    handler =
      :peer_supervisor
      |> Process.whereis()
      |> Supervisor.which_children()
      |> Enum.find(fn {_, p, _, _} ->
          connected =
            p
            |> Process.info()
            |> Keyword.get(:dictionary)
            |> Keyword.get(:connected)

          connected == peername
        end)

    if handler do
      {true, handler}
    else
      false
    end
  end

  # Checks to see if this node has previously had an authentication
  # handshake with the node at the given IP.
  @spec had_previous_connection?(String.t(), pid) :: boolean
  defp had_previous_connection?(ip, oracle) do
    case Oracle.inquire(oracle, {:load_self, [ip]}) do
      :not_found -> false
      {_identifier, _password} -> true
    end
  end
end